{"id":86,"date":"2019-07-26T17:21:18","date_gmt":"2019-07-26T17:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/chapter\/annotated-bibliography-assignment-guidelines-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-09T15:35:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T15:35:13","slug":"annotated-bibliography-assignment-guidelines-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/chapter\/annotated-bibliography-assignment-guidelines-2\/","title":{"raw":"Formatting Your Annotated Bibliography","rendered":"Formatting Your Annotated Bibliography"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><em>Explore various contexts for their chosen field of study and its associated professions<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><em>Evaluate relevant information based on selected validity criteria<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h3>Formatting Your Annotated Bibliography<\/h3>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Due Dates, Organization, &amp; Format\r\n<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The annotated bibliography will be due in two parts: the Introduction and Professional Organizations section the first week, and Social Media and Information Resources in the second week.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You must submit the annotated bibliography for both parts in order to be eligible for full credit.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>You will work in <strong>one document<\/strong> and submit the same document for grading as each section is completed.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Each section will include bibliographic entries formatted according to the style guide for your field of study (APA, MLA, or Chicago), including a hanging indentation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFeel free to use a citation generator, <a href=\"https:\/\/library.unc.edu\/citationbuilder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">such as this one from the library at the University of North Carolina<\/a>. Each bibliographic entry will have an accompanying short paragraph of annotation. Within each section, the bibliographic entries will be arranged in alphabetical order by the first word of the entry.\r\n\r\nThe final version of your Annotated Bibliography will be graded using the rubric found in the Course Resources page in your Canvas course site. A sample of the completed Annotated Bibliography can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/46\/files\/2023\/04\/CRIT602_bibliography_StudentSampleFinal.pdf\">here<\/a>.\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Guidelines for Setting Up Your Annotated Bibliography Document:\r\n<\/strong><\/h2>\r\nCreate a new document using your word processing program. Set up the following headings:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Professional or Scholarly Organizations (depending on your field of study)<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Social Media<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Information Resources\r\n<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u00a0Content<\/strong><\/p>\r\nEach annotation will include the following information written in paragraph form using complete sentences:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>the purpose of the resource,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the audience for the resource (who is it intended to help),<\/li>\r\n \t<li>a summary of the resource\u2019s content or services,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>the resource\u2019s relevance for someone at your stage of academic or professional development,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>how well the resource meets the criteria on our validity checklist,<\/li>\r\n \t<li>whether or not you recommend the resource.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other information specific to each heading will be listed in the corresponding chapters.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><\/div>\r\n<h3>Assignment Guidelines: Writing the Introduction to Your Annotated Bibliography:<\/h3>\r\nWrite a brief introduction to provide contextual information for your readers so that they will know they have come to the right place. Your introduction should answer the following questions: What is the purpose of your annotated bibliography? Will you be providing evaluative as well as descriptive information? What stage of academic and professional development are the resources intended to support? Include your critical inquiry question in the introduction.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h3 class=\"textbox__title\">APA Reference Guide<\/h3>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">The following information should provide reference for citing most of the common sources used in the Annotated Bibliography. All information comes from American Psychological Association (2019, September) <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nYou may encounter other sources as you explore trends in your field, so you\u2019ll want to consult the following website or our librarian with questions:<a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Basic Principles of Reference List Entries: <\/strong>A reference list entry generally has four elements: the author, date, title, and source. Each element answers a question:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>author:<\/strong> <em>Who<\/em> is responsible for this work?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>date:<\/strong> <em>When<\/em> was this work published?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>title:<\/strong> <em>What<\/em> is this work called?<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>source:<\/strong> <em>Where<\/em> can I retrieve this work?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAnswering these four questions will help you create a reference entry for any type of work, even if you do not see a specific example in the <em>Publication Manual<\/em> that matches it. Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to understand the types of works you consulted and the important reference elements with ease.\r\n\r\nTo learn more about content and format of the author, date, title, and source, <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/elements-list-entry\">visit the page on reference elements<\/a>.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>General Reference Examples:<\/strong><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples<\/a>\r\n\r\nWebpage on a website with an organizational group author\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format:<\/strong> Organization name. (date last updated). Title of webpage. URL.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: World Health Organization. (2018, May 24)<em>. The top 10 causes of death<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em>: <\/strong>(World Health Organization, 2018)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em>: <\/strong>World Health Organization (2018)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>For a page from an organization\u2019s website without individual authors, use the name of the organization as the author.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Italicize the title of the webpage.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Because the author of the webpage and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element to avoid repetition.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>End the reference with the URL.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Facebook page<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format:<\/strong> Organization name (date, if possible). <em>Title <\/em>[Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved date from URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Community of Multiculturalism. (n.d.). <em>Home<\/em> [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/communityofmulticulturalism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/communityofmulticulturalism\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em><\/strong>: (Community of Multiculturalism, n.d.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em><\/strong>: Community of Multiculturalism (n.d.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use the page title in the reference (e.g., \u201cHome,\u201d \u201cAbout,\u201d \u201cReviews\u201d). Italicize the page title.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Include the notation \u201c[Facebook page]\u201d in square brackets.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide the URL of the page.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>\"X\" (formerly Twitter) profile<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<div class=\"featureRichItem bg-color-light1 with-bg-color\">\r\n<div class=\"wysiwyg lengthy\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"reference\">APA Databases [@APA_Databases]. (2020, September 2). <em>We have curated a collection of journal articles from APA PsycArticles on #COVID19. View: https:\/\/bit.ly\/2QrWj76 for recent coverage<\/em> [Image attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/APA_Databases\/status\/1301175576703664128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/APA_Databases\/status\/1301175576703664128<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"reference\">CDC [@CDCgov]. (2020, June 11). <em>Scientists do not know if having antibodies to the virus that causes #COVID19 can protect someone from getting infected again<\/em> [Image attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CDCgov\/status\/1271180413134876672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/CDCgov\/status\/1271180413134876672<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"reference\">Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). <em>Today, it\u2019s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would<\/em> [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/BillGates\/status\/1170305718425137152\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/BillGates\/status\/1170305718425137152<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"reference\">Prevention Institute [@preventioninst]. (2020, September 24). <em>If you want to talk #health, you have to talk #racialjustice<\/em> [Video attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/preventioninst\/status\/1309211009039687680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/preventioninst\/status\/1309211009039687680<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<em><strong>Parenthetical citations<\/strong><\/em>: (APA Databases, 2020; CDC, 2020; Gates, 2019; Prevention Institute, 2020)\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Narrative citations<\/strong><\/em>: APA Databases (2020), CDC (2020), Gates (2019), and Prevention Institute (2020)\r\n<div class=\"featureRichItem \">\r\n<div class=\"wysiwyg lengthy\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the X handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the case of a group identified by an abbreviation (as with the CDC example), use the group name as shown on the work, to aid in retrieval.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide the specific date of the post.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title, in italics. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If the post\u00a0includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in square brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Include the description \u201c[Post]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Credit X as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The format used for X is also used for <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\/instagram-references\">Instagram<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\/tiktok-references\">TikTok<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">YouTube video<\/span><\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date last updated). <em>Title<\/em>. [Video]. YouTube. URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Asian Boss. (2020, June 5). <em>World\u2019s leading vaccine expert fact-checks COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy: Stay curious #22<\/em> [Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com \/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Harvard University. (2019, August 28). <em>Soft robotic gripper for jellyfish<\/em> [Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=guRoWTYfxMs\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=guRoWTYfxMs<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citations<\/em><\/strong>: (Asian Boss, 2020; Harvard University, 2019)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Narrative citations<\/em><\/strong>: Asian Boss (2020) and Harvard University (2019)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use the name of the account that uploaded the video as the author.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If the account did not actually create the work, explain this in the text if it is important for readers to know. However, if that would mean citing a source that appears unauthoritative, you might also look for the author\u2019s YouTube channel, official website, or other social media to see whether the same video is available elsewhere.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To cite the words of individuals featured in a video, name or describe the individual(s) in your sentence in the text and then provide a parenthetical citation for the video. For example, the Asian Boss video is an interview with the director general of the International Vaccine Institute; you should provide details about who spoke and what they said in the text of the sentence and then cite the video using the parenthetical citation shown.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide the specific date on which the video was uploaded.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Italicize the title of the video.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Include the description \u201c[Video]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide the site name (YouTube) and URL of the video.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>YouTube channel<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date last updated). <em>Title<\/em> [YouTube channel]. Retrieved date, from URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: APA Publishing Training. (n.d.). <em>Home<\/em> [YouTube channel]. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/PsycINFO\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/PsycINFO\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Walker, A. (n.d.). <em>Playlists<\/em> [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved October 8, 2019, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/DjWalkzz\/playlists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/DjWalkzz\/playlists<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citations<\/em><\/strong>: (APA Publishing Training, n.d.; Walker, n.d.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Narrative citations<\/em><\/strong>: APA Publishing Training (n.d.) and Walker (n.d.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>YouTube channel pages begin on the \u201cHome\u201d tab by default. If you want to cite one of the other tabs (e.g., \u201cVideos,\u201d \u201cPlaylists\u201d), use the name of that tab rather than \u201cHome\u201d in the title element of the reference (as in the Walker example).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Italicize the title of the channel.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Include the description \u201c[YouTube channel]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>LinkedIn post<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Organization name. (date last updated. Year, Month, Day). <em>Title of Page<\/em>. [Post]. LinkedIn. URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: American Psychological Association. (2019, December 9). <em>Last month, APA joined more than 40 national and international psychology organizations to explore ways to collaborate and use psychological<\/em> [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/american-psychological-association_how-psychologists-are-combating-climate-change-activity-6609801161937612800-GvdC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/american-psychological-association_how-psychologists-are-combating-climate-change-activity-6609801161937612800-GvdC<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Goodwin, J. (2019, September). <em>The best part of attending the American Psychological Association's 2019 Convention in Chicago this year was having the opportunity to<\/em> [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/jongoodwin3_apa2019-activity-6569581103441682432-CN98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/jongoodwin3_apa2019-activity-6569581103441682432-CN98<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citations<\/em><\/strong>: (American Psychological Association, 2019; Goodwin, 2019)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Narrative citations<\/em><\/strong>: American Psychological Association (2019) and Goodwin (2019)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use the name associated with the account as the name in the reference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>LinkedIn does not provide exact dates for posts; rather, it tells users how long ago the post was made. Use the date information provided on the post to infer as specific a date as possible for the reference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Describe the post type (e.g., \u201c[Post],\u201d \u201c[Video]\u201d) in square brackets after any description of attached content.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Credit LinkedIn as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>LinkedIn profile<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date). <em>Title<\/em>. [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved date, from URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: John Tyler Community College. (n.d.). <em>Home<\/em> [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/john-tyler-community-college\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/john-tyler-community-college\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em><\/strong>: (John Tyler Community College, n.d.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em><\/strong>: John Tyler Community College (n.d.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use the page title in the reference (e.g., \u201cHome,\u201d \u201cAbout,\u201d \u201cJobs\u201d).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Include the notation \u201c[LinkedIn page]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Provide the URL of the page.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Blog post<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date last updated). Title. <em>Publication or Journal if applicable<\/em>. URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Ouellette, J. (2019, November 15). Physicists capture first footage of quantum knots unraveling in superfluid. <em>Ars Technica<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2019\/11\/study-you-can-tie-a-quantum-knot-in-a-superfluid-but-it-will-soon-untie-itself\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2019\/11\/study-you-can-tie-a-quantum-knot-in-a-superfluid-but-it-will-soon-untie-itself\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em>: (Ouellette, 2019)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Narrative citation<\/em>: Ouellette (2019)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Blog posts follow the same format as journal articles.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Italicize the name of the blog, the same as you would a journal title.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Journal article<\/strong><\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>author(s). (date). title. <em>Publication Title.<\/em> Volume. Pages. DOI or URL<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., &amp; Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. <em>Psychology of Popular Media Culture<\/em>, <em>8<\/em>(3), 207\u2013217. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000185\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000185<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em><\/strong>: (Grady et al., 2019)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em><\/strong>: Grady et al. (2019)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>If a journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Always include the issue number for a journal article.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (for an explanation of why, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/database-information\">database information page<\/a>). The reference in this case is the same as for a print journal article.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do not include database information in the reference unless the journal article comes from a database that publishes works of limited circulation or original, proprietary content, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\/uptodate-article-references\">UpToDate<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3>Example of a Bibliographic Entry Formatted with a Hanging Indentation<\/h3>\r\n<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-83 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/46\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"883\" height=\"121\" \/>\r\n\r\nTo create a hanging indentation for a bibliographic entry, go to Help in your word processing program and search for \"hanging indentation.\" This is what the set-up would look like in MS Word, for example:\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-84 \" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/46\/files\/2023\/04\/Hanging-Indentation-Word.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"411\" height=\"491\" \/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Potential Snag:<\/strong> Some word processing programs, such as Google Docs, don't have a specific option to create a hanging indentation. You should be able to find a work-around with an online search.\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><em>Explore various contexts for their chosen field of study and its associated professions<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14pt\"><strong><em>Evaluate relevant information based on selected validity criteria<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Formatting Your Annotated Bibliography<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Due Dates, Organization, &amp; Format<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The annotated bibliography will be due in two parts: the Introduction and Professional Organizations section the first week, and Social Media and Information Resources in the second week.<\/li>\n<li>You must submit the annotated bibliography for both parts in order to be eligible for full credit.<\/li>\n<li>You will work in <strong>one document<\/strong> and submit the same document for grading as each section is completed.<\/li>\n<li>Each section will include bibliographic entries formatted according to the style guide for your field of study (APA, MLA, or Chicago), including a hanging indentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Feel free to use a citation generator, <a href=\"https:\/\/library.unc.edu\/citationbuilder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">such as this one from the library at the University of North Carolina<\/a>. Each bibliographic entry will have an accompanying short paragraph of annotation. Within each section, the bibliographic entries will be arranged in alphabetical order by the first word of the entry.<\/p>\n<p>The final version of your Annotated Bibliography will be graded using the rubric found in the Course Resources page in your Canvas course site. A sample of the completed Annotated Bibliography can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/46\/files\/2023\/04\/CRIT602_bibliography_StudentSampleFinal.pdf\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Guidelines for Setting Up Your Annotated Bibliography Document:<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Create a new document using your word processing program. Set up the following headings:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Professional or Scholarly Organizations (depending on your field of study)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Social Media<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Information Resources<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u00a0Content<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Each annotation will include the following information written in paragraph form using complete sentences:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the purpose of the resource,<\/li>\n<li>the audience for the resource (who is it intended to help),<\/li>\n<li>a summary of the resource\u2019s content or services,<\/li>\n<li>the resource\u2019s relevance for someone at your stage of academic or professional development,<\/li>\n<li>how well the resource meets the criteria on our validity checklist,<\/li>\n<li>whether or not you recommend the resource.<\/li>\n<li>Other information specific to each heading will be listed in the corresponding chapters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><\/div>\n<h3>Assignment Guidelines: Writing the Introduction to Your Annotated Bibliography:<\/h3>\n<p>Write a brief introduction to provide contextual information for your readers so that they will know they have come to the right place. Your introduction should answer the following questions: What is the purpose of your annotated bibliography? Will you be providing evaluative as well as descriptive information? What stage of academic and professional development are the resources intended to support? Include your critical inquiry question in the introduction.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h3 class=\"textbox__title\">APA Reference Guide<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">The following information should provide reference for citing most of the common sources used in the Annotated Bibliography. All information comes from American Psychological Association (2019, September) <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You may encounter other sources as you explore trends in your field, so you\u2019ll want to consult the following website or our librarian with questions:<a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>Basic Principles of Reference List Entries: <\/strong>A reference list entry generally has four elements: the author, date, title, and source. Each element answers a question:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>author:<\/strong> <em>Who<\/em> is responsible for this work?<\/li>\n<li><strong>date:<\/strong> <em>When<\/em> was this work published?<\/li>\n<li><strong>title:<\/strong> <em>What<\/em> is this work called?<\/li>\n<li><strong>source:<\/strong> <em>Where<\/em> can I retrieve this work?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Answering these four questions will help you create a reference entry for any type of work, even if you do not see a specific example in the <em>Publication Manual<\/em> that matches it. Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to understand the types of works you consulted and the important reference elements with ease.<\/p>\n<p>To learn more about content and format of the author, date, title, and source, <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/elements-list-entry\">visit the page on reference elements<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>General Reference Examples:<\/strong><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Webpage on a website with an organizational group author<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format:<\/strong> Organization name. (date last updated). Title of webpage. URL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: World Health Organization. (2018, May 24)<em>. The top 10 causes of death<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/the-top-10-causes-of-death<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em>: <\/strong>(World Health Organization, 2018)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em>: <\/strong>World Health Organization (2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>For a page from an organization\u2019s website without individual authors, use the name of the organization as the author.<\/li>\n<li>Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.<\/li>\n<li>Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.<\/li>\n<li>Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.<\/li>\n<li>Italicize the title of the webpage.<\/li>\n<li>Because the author of the webpage and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element to avoid repetition.<\/li>\n<li>End the reference with the URL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Facebook page<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format:<\/strong> Organization name (date, if possible). <em>Title <\/em>[Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved date from URL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Community of Multiculturalism. (n.d.). <em>Home<\/em> [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/communityofmulticulturalism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/communityofmulticulturalism\/<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em><\/strong>: (Community of Multiculturalism, n.d.)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em><\/strong>: Community of Multiculturalism (n.d.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Use the page title in the reference (e.g., \u201cHome,\u201d \u201cAbout,\u201d \u201cReviews\u201d). Italicize the page title.<\/li>\n<li>Include the notation \u201c[Facebook page]\u201d in square brackets.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.<\/li>\n<li>Provide the URL of the page.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>&#8220;X&#8221; (formerly Twitter) profile<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"featureRichItem bg-color-light1 with-bg-color\">\n<div class=\"wysiwyg lengthy\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"reference\">APA Databases [@APA_Databases]. (2020, September 2). <em>We have curated a collection of journal articles from APA PsycArticles on #COVID19. View: https:\/\/bit.ly\/2QrWj76 for recent coverage<\/em> [Image attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/APA_Databases\/status\/1301175576703664128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/APA_Databases\/status\/1301175576703664128<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"reference\">CDC [@CDCgov]. (2020, June 11). <em>Scientists do not know if having antibodies to the virus that causes #COVID19 can protect someone from getting infected again<\/em> [Image attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CDCgov\/status\/1271180413134876672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/CDCgov\/status\/1271180413134876672<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"reference\">Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). <em>Today, it\u2019s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would<\/em> [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/BillGates\/status\/1170305718425137152\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/BillGates\/status\/1170305718425137152<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"reference\">Prevention Institute [@preventioninst]. (2020, September 24). <em>If you want to talk #health, you have to talk #racialjustice<\/em> [Video attached] [Post]. X. <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/preventioninst\/status\/1309211009039687680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/x.com\/preventioninst\/status\/1309211009039687680<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em><strong>Parenthetical citations<\/strong><\/em>: (APA Databases, 2020; CDC, 2020; Gates, 2019; Prevention Institute, 2020)<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Narrative citations<\/strong><\/em>: APA Databases (2020), CDC (2020), Gates (2019), and Prevention Institute (2020)<\/p>\n<div class=\"featureRichItem\">\n<div class=\"wysiwyg lengthy\">\n<ul>\n<li>Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the X handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.<\/li>\n<li>In the case of a group identified by an abbreviation (as with the CDC example), use the group name as shown on the work, to aid in retrieval.<\/li>\n<li>Provide the specific date of the post.<\/li>\n<li>Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title, in italics. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.<\/li>\n<li>If the post\u00a0includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in square brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].<\/li>\n<li>Include the description \u201c[Post]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\n<li>Credit X as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.<\/li>\n<li>The format used for X is also used for <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\/instagram-references\">Instagram<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\/tiktok-references\">TikTok<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">YouTube video<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date last updated). <em>Title<\/em>. [Video]. YouTube. URL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Asian Boss. (2020, June 5). <em>World\u2019s leading vaccine expert fact-checks COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy: Stay curious #22<\/em> [Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com \/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Harvard University. (2019, August 28). <em>Soft robotic gripper for jellyfish<\/em> [Video]. YouTube. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=guRoWTYfxMs\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=guRoWTYfxMs<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citations<\/em><\/strong>: (Asian Boss, 2020; Harvard University, 2019)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Narrative citations<\/em><\/strong>: Asian Boss (2020) and Harvard University (2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Use the name of the account that uploaded the video as the author.<\/li>\n<li>If the account did not actually create the work, explain this in the text if it is important for readers to know. However, if that would mean citing a source that appears unauthoritative, you might also look for the author\u2019s YouTube channel, official website, or other social media to see whether the same video is available elsewhere.<\/li>\n<li>To cite the words of individuals featured in a video, name or describe the individual(s) in your sentence in the text and then provide a parenthetical citation for the video. For example, the Asian Boss video is an interview with the director general of the International Vaccine Institute; you should provide details about who spoke and what they said in the text of the sentence and then cite the video using the parenthetical citation shown.<\/li>\n<li>Provide the specific date on which the video was uploaded.<\/li>\n<li>Italicize the title of the video.<\/li>\n<li>Include the description \u201c[Video]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\n<li>Provide the site name (YouTube) and URL of the video.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>YouTube channel<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date last updated). <em>Title<\/em> [YouTube channel]. Retrieved date, from URL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: APA Publishing Training. (n.d.). <em>Home<\/em> [YouTube channel]. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/PsycINFO\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/PsycINFO\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Walker, A. (n.d.). <em>Playlists<\/em> [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved October 8, 2019, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/DjWalkzz\/playlists\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/DjWalkzz\/playlists<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citations<\/em><\/strong>: (APA Publishing Training, n.d.; Walker, n.d.)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Narrative citations<\/em><\/strong>: APA Publishing Training (n.d.) and Walker (n.d.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>YouTube channel pages begin on the \u201cHome\u201d tab by default. If you want to cite one of the other tabs (e.g., \u201cVideos,\u201d \u201cPlaylists\u201d), use the name of that tab rather than \u201cHome\u201d in the title element of the reference (as in the Walker example).<\/li>\n<li>Italicize the title of the channel.<\/li>\n<li>Include the description \u201c[YouTube channel]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>LinkedIn post<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Organization name. (date last updated. Year, Month, Day). <em>Title of Page<\/em>. [Post]. LinkedIn. URL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: American Psychological Association. (2019, December 9). <em>Last month, APA joined more than 40 national and international psychology organizations to explore ways to collaborate and use psychological<\/em> [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/american-psychological-association_how-psychologists-are-combating-climate-change-activity-6609801161937612800-GvdC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/american-psychological-association_how-psychologists-are-combating-climate-change-activity-6609801161937612800-GvdC<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Goodwin, J. (2019, September). <em>The best part of attending the American Psychological Association&#8217;s 2019 Convention in Chicago this year was having the opportunity to<\/em> [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/jongoodwin3_apa2019-activity-6569581103441682432-CN98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/posts\/jongoodwin3_apa2019-activity-6569581103441682432-CN98<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citations<\/em><\/strong>: (American Psychological Association, 2019; Goodwin, 2019)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Narrative citations<\/em><\/strong>: American Psychological Association (2019) and Goodwin (2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Use the name associated with the account as the name in the reference.<\/li>\n<li>LinkedIn does not provide exact dates for posts; rather, it tells users how long ago the post was made. Use the date information provided on the post to infer as specific a date as possible for the reference.<\/li>\n<li>Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.<\/li>\n<li>If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\n<li>Describe the post type (e.g., \u201c[Post],\u201d \u201c[Video]\u201d) in square brackets after any description of attached content.<\/li>\n<li>Credit LinkedIn as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>LinkedIn profile<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date). <em>Title<\/em>. [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved date, from URL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: John Tyler Community College. (n.d.). <em>Home<\/em> [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/john-tyler-community-college\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/john-tyler-community-college\/<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em><\/strong>: (John Tyler Community College, n.d.)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em><\/strong>: John Tyler Community College (n.d.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Use the page title in the reference (e.g., \u201cHome,\u201d \u201cAbout,\u201d \u201cJobs\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Include the notation \u201c[LinkedIn page]\u201d in square brackets after the title.<\/li>\n<li>Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.<\/li>\n<li>Provide the URL of the page.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Blog post<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>Name. (date last updated). Title. <em>Publication or Journal if applicable<\/em>. URL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Ouellette, J. (2019, November 15). Physicists capture first footage of quantum knots unraveling in superfluid. <em>Ars Technica<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2019\/11\/study-you-can-tie-a-quantum-knot-in-a-superfluid-but-it-will-soon-untie-itself\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2019\/11\/study-you-can-tie-a-quantum-knot-in-a-superfluid-but-it-will-soon-untie-itself\/<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em>: (Ouellette, 2019)<\/li>\n<li><em>Narrative citation<\/em>: Ouellette (2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Blog posts follow the same format as journal articles.<\/li>\n<li>Italicize the name of the blog, the same as you would a journal title.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Journal article<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reference format: <\/strong>author(s). (date). title. <em>Publication Title.<\/em> Volume. Pages. DOI or URL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Example: Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., &amp; Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. <em>Psychology of Popular Media Culture<\/em>, <em>8<\/em>(3), 207\u2013217. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000185\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000185<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Parenthetical citation<\/em><\/strong>: (Grady et al., 2019)<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Narrative citation<\/em><\/strong>: Grady et al. (2019)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>If a journal article has a DOI, include the DOI in the reference.<\/li>\n<li>Always include the issue number for a journal article.<\/li>\n<li>If the journal article does not have a DOI and is from an academic research database, end the reference after the page range (for an explanation of why, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/database-information\">database information page<\/a>). The reference in this case is the same as for a print journal article.<\/li>\n<li>Do not include database information in the reference unless the journal article comes from a database that publishes works of limited circulation or original, proprietary content, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/references\/examples\/uptodate-article-references\">UpToDate<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>If the journal article does not have a DOI but does have a URL that will resolve for readers (e.g., it is from an online journal that is not part of a database), include the URL of the article at the end of the reference.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3>Example of a Bibliographic Entry Formatted with a Hanging Indentation<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-83 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/46\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"883\" height=\"121\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation.png 883w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation-300x41.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation-768x105.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation-65x9.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation-225x31.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2019\/07\/Hanging-Indentation-350x48.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 883px) 100vw, 883px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To create a hanging indentation for a bibliographic entry, go to Help in your word processing program and search for &#8220;hanging indentation.&#8221; This is what the set-up would look like in MS Word, for example:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-84\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/46\/files\/2023\/04\/Hanging-Indentation-Word.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"411\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2023\/04\/Hanging-Indentation-Word.png 599w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2023\/04\/Hanging-Indentation-Word-251x300.png 251w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2023\/04\/Hanging-Indentation-Word-65x78.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2023\/04\/Hanging-Indentation-Word-225x269.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/files\/2023\/04\/Hanging-Indentation-Word-350x418.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 411px) 100vw, 411px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Potential Snag:<\/strong> Some word processing programs, such as Google Docs, don&#8217;t have a specific option to create a hanging indentation. You should be able to find a work-around with an online search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-86","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-standard"],"part":80,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":285,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/revisions\/285"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/80"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/86\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=86"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=86"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.usnh.edu\/criticalanalysis\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=86"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}